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Automobile electronic auxiliary system overview

 

ABC,ABD,ABS,ASR,BAS,DAC,DSC,HAC.......


 

■什么是ABC?

ABC车身主动控制系统。

ABC系统使汽车对侧倾、俯仰、横摆、跳动和车身高度的控制都能更加迅速、精确。车身的侧倾小,车轮外倾角度变化也小,轮胎就能较好地保持与地面垂直接触,使轮胎对地面的附着力提高,以充分发挥轮胎的驱动制动作用。而ABC的出现克服了悬挂设定舒适性和操控性之间的矛盾,最大限度地接近消费者对车辆在这两方面的要求。

■ 什么是ABD?

ABD自动制动差速器。
是制动力系统的一个新产品,它的主要作用是缩短制动距离,和ABS、EBD等配合适用。当紧急制动时,车会向下点头,车的重量前移,而相应的车的后轮所承担的重量就会减少,严重时可以使后轮失去抓地力,这时相当于只有前轮在制动,会造成制动距离过长。而ABD可以有效防止这种情况,它可以通过检测全部车轮的转速发现这一情况,相应的减少后轮制动力,以使其与地面保持有效的摩擦力,同时将前轮制动力加至最大,以达到缩短制动距离的目的。ABD与ABS的区别在于,ABS是保证在紧急制动时车轮不被抱死,以达到安全操控的目的,并不能有效的缩短制动距离。而ABD则是通过EBD在保证车辆不发生侧滑的情况下,允许将制动力加至最大,以有效的缩短制动距离。

■ 什么是ABS?

ABS刹车防抱死系统(Anti-LockBrake System)。
在没有ABS时,如果紧急刹车一般会使轮胎抱死,由于抱死之后轮胎与地面是滑动摩擦,所以刹车的距离会变长。如果前轮锁死,车子失去侧向转向力,容易跑偏;如果后轮锁死,后轮将失去侧向抓地力,容易发生甩尾。特别是在积雪路面,当紧急制动时,更容易发生上述的情况。ABS是通过控制刹车油压的收放,来达到对车轮抱死的控制。其工作过程实际上是抱死—松开—抱死—松开的循环工作过程,使车辆始终处于临界抱死的间隙滚动状态。

但是在一些电影特技场景中,有的车子是不装ABS的,所以我们才能看到它们侧滑、甩尾等多种高难度的刺激场面。对于一些想追求驾驶刺激的高级赛车手,他们同样不喜欢给汽车装上ABS。终究一点,ABS不是给特级演员和高级赛车手设计的,而是针对一般驾驶者,以保证他们驾车的安全。上世纪90年代汽车配置中最受关注的要属ABS了,就是当时的捷达、桑塔纳也不敢说是每车必备,而到了现在,ABS已是新车的标准配备。

■ 什么是ASR?

ASR加速防滑控制系统(Accelerate Slip Regulation), 或加速稳定保持系统(Acceleration Stability Retainer)。
顾名思义就是防止驱动轮加速打滑的控制系统, 其目的就是要防止车辆尤其是大马力的车子, 在起步、再加速驱动轮打滑的现象, 以维持车辆行驶方向的稳定性,保持好的操控性及最适当的驱动力, 达到有好的行车安全。它的原理并不复杂:当电脑检测到某个驱动轮打滑时,就会自降低发动机的输出功率,并对打滑的车轮施加制动,直到车轮恢复正常的转动。不管多么高级的轿车,它和地面抵触的都只有几十个平方厘米大的面积,也就是4条轮胎的接地面积,如果车轮打滑得不到控制,车子就会失控。别以为只有刹车时车轮抱死会出危险,起步时车轮打滑一样会出问题。

■ 什么是BAS?


BAS制动辅助系统(Brake Assist System)。
在紧急情况下有90%的汽车驾驶员踩刹车时缺乏果断,制动辅助系统正是针对这一情况而设计,它可以从驾驶员踩制动踏板的速度中探测到车辆行驶中遇到的情况,当驾驶员在紧急情况下迅速踩制动踏板,但踩踏力又不足时,此系统便会协助,并在不到1秒的时间内把制动力增至最大,缩短在紧急制动的情况下的刹车距离。

■ 什么是DAC?

DAC下坡行车辅助控制系统(Down-hill assist control)。
与发动机制动的道理相同,为了避免制动系统负荷过大,减轻驾驶员负担,下山辅助控制在分动器位于L位置;车速5-25km/h并打开DAC开关的条件下,不踩加速踏板和制动踏板,下山辅助控制系统可以自动把车速控制在适当水平。下山辅助控制系统工作时停车灯会自动点亮。

■ 什么是DSC?

DSC车身动态控制系统。
BMW自主开发的DSC控制系统中集成了ASC自动稳定控制系统和牵引力控制系统,能够通过对出现滑转趋势的驱动轮进行选择制动来控制驱动轮的滑转状态,从而相应地对车辆起到稳定作用。而在冰雪路面、沙漠或砂砾路面上,驾驶者只需按下一个按钮就可以使车辆进入DTC模式,从而增强车辆在上述路面上的牵引力。同时,由于DSC动态稳定控制系统的干预响应极限稍微延长,车辆的牵引力和驱动力也随之增大,驾驶者能够享受到非同寻常的运动驾驶体验。DSC动态稳定控制系统的另一个功能是CBC弯道制动控制系统,能够在转弯轻微制动时通过非对称的制动力控制消除车辆转向过度趋势。

■ 什么是HAC?

HAC坡道起车控制系统(Hill-start assist control)。
霍尔效应式车速传感器既可以感知车速又可以感知转子的旋转方向。并且灵敏度很高(0km/h即可感知)。当挡位位于前进挡,而车轮产生后退趋势时(上坡时驱动力不足),此系统自动施加制动力与车轮,当车轮又向前运动时制动力自动释放。此系统可以帮助驾驶员提高在坡路驾驶时的安全操作。

■ 什么是HDC?

HDC坡道控制系统(Hill Descent Control)。
它能主动感测坡道的斜度及路面状况,自动控制抓地力、制动力及速度,以便在前进、后退时完全控制速度、稳定性及安全性,驾驶者无须分心斟酌加速及刹车,只要操纵好方向盘即可安全通过险恶地形。HDC 陡坡缓降控制系统在陡峭的坡段上可以维持最佳的速度控制。对新手驾驶而言,让越野的驾驭变得更简单而安全。

■ 什么是EBA?

EBA紧急制动辅助装置(Electronic Brake Assist)。
在正常情况下,大多数驾驶员开始制动时只施加很小的力,然后根据情况增加或调整对制动踏板施加的制动力。 如果必须突然施加大得多的制动力,或驾驶员反应过慢,这种方法会阻碍他们及时施加最大的制动力。

许多驾驶员也对需要施加比较大的制动力没有准备,或者他们反应得太晚。EBA通过驾驶员踩踏制动踏板的速率来理解它的制动行为,如果它察觉到制动踏板的制动压力恐慌性增加,EBA会在几毫秒内启动全部制动力,其速度要比大多数驾驶员移动脚的速度快得多。EBA可显著缩短紧急制动距离并有助于防止在停停走走的交通中发生追尾事故。

EBA系统实时监控制动踏板的运动。 它一旦监测到踩踏制动踏板的速度陡增,而且驾驶员继续大力踩踏制动踏板,它就会释放出储存的180巴的液压施加最大的制动力。 驾驶员一旦释放制动踏板,EBA系统就转入待机模式。由于更早地施加了最大的制动力,紧急制动辅助装置可显著缩短制动距离。

■ 什么是EBD?

EBD电子制动力分配(Electric Brakeforce Dis-tribution)。
汽车制动时,如果四只轮胎附着地面的条件不同,比如,左侧轮附着在湿滑路面,而右侧轮附着于干燥路面,四个轮子与地面的摩擦力不同,在制动时(四个轮子的制动力相同)就容易产生打滑、倾斜和侧翻等现象。EBD的功能就是在汽车制动的瞬间,高速计算出四个轮胎由于附着不同而导致的摩擦力数值,然后调整制动装置,使其按照设定的程序在运动中高速调整,达到制动力与摩擦力(牵引力)的匹配,以保证车辆的平稳和安全。

当紧急刹车车轮抱死的情况下,EBD在ABS动作之前就已经平衡了每一个轮的有效地面抓地力,可以防止出现甩尾和侧移,并缩短汽车制动距离。EBD实际上是ABS的辅助功能,它可以改善提高ABS的功效。所以在安全指标上,汽车的性能又多了“ABS+EBD”。目前国内车型中广本奥德赛、派力奥、西耶那等,都在制动中说明是“ABS+EBD”。
 
■ 什么是EDS?

EDS电子差速锁(Electronic Differential System)。
它是ABS的一种扩展功能,用于鉴别汽车的轮子是不是失去着地摩擦力,从而对汽车的加速打滑进行控制。同普通车辆相比,带有EDS的车辆可以更好地利用地面附着力,从而提高车辆的运行性,尤其在倾斜的路面上,EDS的作用更加明显。但它有速度限制,只有在车速低于40km/h时才会启动,主要是防止起步和低速时打滑。


■ 什么是ESP?
  
ESP电子稳定程序(Electronic Stability Program)。
这一组系统通常是支援ABS及ASR(驱动防滑系统,又称牵引力控制系统)的功能。它通过对从各传感器传来的车辆行驶状态信息进行分析,然后向ABS、ASR发出纠偏指令,来帮助车辆维持动态平衡。 ESP可以使车辆在各种状况下保持最佳的稳定性,在转向过度或转向不足的情形下效果更加明显。
ESP一般需要安装转向传感器、车轮传感器、侧滑传感器、横向加速度传感器等。ESP可以监控汽车行驶状态,并自动向一个或多个车轮施加制动力,以保持车子在正常的车道上运行,甚至在某些情况下可以进行每秒150次的制动。目前ESP有3种类型:能向4个车轮独立施加制动力的四通道或四轮系统;能对两个前轮独立施加制动力的双通道系统;能对两个前轮独立施加制动力和对后轮同时施加制动力的三通道系统。
ESP最重要的特点就是它的主动性,如果说ABS是被动地作出反应,那么ESP却可以做到防患于未然。

■ 什么是TCS?

TCS牵引力控制系统(Traction Control System),又称循迹控制系统。
它的功能是能够侦知轮胎贴地性的极限,在轮胎即将打滑的瞬间,自动降低或切断传到该轮上的动力,使之保持循迹性。汽车在光滑路面制动时,车轮会打滑,甚至使方向失控。同样,汽车在起步或急加速时,驱动轮也有可能打滑,在冰雪等光滑路面上还会使方向失控而出危险。TCS就是针对此问题而设计的。TCS依*电子传感器探测到从动轮速度低于驱动轮时(这是打滑的特征),就会发出一个信号,调节点火时间、减小气门开度、减小油门、降挡或制动车轮,从而使车轮不再打滑。TCS可以提高汽车行驶稳定性,提高加速性,提高爬坡能力。原来只是豪华轿车上才安装TCS,现在许多普通轿车上也有。TCS如果和ABS相互配合使用,将进一步增强汽车的安全性能。TCS和ABS可共用车轴上的轮速传感器,并与行车电脑连接,不断监视各轮转速,当在低速发现打滑时,TCS会立刻“通知”ABS动作来减低此车轮的打滑。若在高速发现打滑时,TCS立即向行车电脑发出指令,指挥发动机降速或变速器降挡,使打滑车轮不再打滑,防止车辆失控甩尾。
TCS是一种较为高级的电子设备,但是它的特性是约束你规规矩矩地行车,而不能把车子性能的极限发挥出来,所以不太适合跑车。


what is ABC?

ABC body active control system.

ABC system to make the car for the loose, pitch, yawing, beating and body height control can more quickly and accurately. Body side, wheel flare Angle pour small changes small, tire to better keep contact with perpendicular to the ground, the ground of tire improve adhesion, so as to give full play to the role of brake. Drive tires And the appearance of the ABC overcome suspension Settings and playability comfort, the conflict between maximum limit close to consumers in the two aspects of vehicle requirements.

 what is ABD?

ABD automatic braking differential.
Braking system is a new product, its main function is to shorten the braking distance, and ABS, etc. With applicable EBD When the emergency brake, will nod, the weight of the car down the forward, and the corresponding car's rear assumes the weight can decrease, serious when the rear wheels can lose grip and then equivalent to only the front wheel in braking, can cause braking distance is too long. And can effectively prevent this ABD, it can through the test all the wheel speed found this one circumstance, the corresponding decrease in the rear brake force to make it and the ground, and keep effective friction, while the front wheel brake force and to maximum, in order to achieve the purpose of braking distance shortened. The difference is that with ABS ABD, ABS is the guarantee in the emergency brake wheel when not holding in death, in order to achieve the purpose of safety control, and can't effectively shorten braking distance. And it is through the EBD ABD sure car will not occur in the lateral spreads, allow will add to maximum power system, in order to shorten the braking distance.

 what is ABS?

ABS braking antilock brake System (the LockBrake System).
In no ABS, if the emergency brake general tire, holding in death, because after holding in death of tires and the ground is sliding friction, brake distance will be long. If front wheel locked, the car lost lateral to force, easy to run partial; If the rear tire locked, rear wheel will lose the lateral grip and prone to guy. Especially in the snow on the road, when the emergency brake, the more vulnerable to the above. ABS is through the control of hydraulic brake, to keep to the control of the wheel lock. Its working process is actually holding in death-loosen-embrace the cycle of death-loosen work process, make the vehicle is always in the arms of death critical clearance rolling condition.

But in some movie stunt scenes, some of the car is not ship ABS, so we can see them lateral spreads, guy, etc DuoZhong difficult thrills. For some want to pursue driving exciting senior race car driver, they also don't like to car loaded on ABS. After all, ABS is not a super actor and senior racing to hand the design, but for general drivers, to ensure the safety of the they drive. The 1990 s in the configuration of car the biggest concern of ABS, that was the jetta, santana and also dare not say every car, and now, for the new car is already the ABS standard.

 what is ASR?

ASR Accelerate prevent slippery control system (Accelerate Regulation), or accelerated Slip cannot remain stable system (Acceleration Stability Retainer).
Just as its name implies is to prevent the drive wheels accelerate slippery control system, the purpose of which is to prevent vehicle especially big car, at the start, to speed up the drive wheels skid phenomenon, in order to maintain the stability of the vehicle driving direction, keep good grip and the most appropriate, to have good driving force driving safety. Its principle is not complex: when the computer test to a drive wheels skid, will reduce the output power of the engine, and the sliding of the wheel brake on, until the wheels turning back to normal. No matter how advanced the car, it and the ground of conflict are only dozens of square centimeters large area, also is the four tires grounding area, if the wheels skid not controlled, the car will get out of control. Don't think only of braking wheel lock will be out the dangers, started the wheels skid will have a problem as.

 what is BAS?


BAS Brake Assist System (Assist their System).
In an emergency situation has 90% of the car driver on the brakes lack the decisive, brake assist system is in view of this situation and design, it can from on the speed of the brake pedal driver detected in met in the vehicle, when pilots in an emergency situation on the brake pedal, but quickly trample force and shortage, this system will help, and in less than one second of time making the power to shorten the largest, in the case of emergency braking distance of the brake.

what is DAC?

DAC downhill auxiliary control system (driving Down hill assist control-
And the engine braking truth, in order to avoid the same brake system overload, lighten the burden down the mountain, auxiliary control in thansfer is located in position; L The speed of 5-25 km/h and open the DAC switch conditions, not to trample the accelerator pedal, and brake down the mountain auxiliary control system can be used to keep the speed control in the appropriate level. Down the mountain auxiliary control system will automatically stop light work.

 what is DSC?

DSC body dynamic control system.
BMW independent development of DSC control system integration the stability control system and the automatic ASC traction control system, can through to appear slip the drive wheels for the trend selecting braking to control the drive wheels of slip condition, and therefore have stability of vehicle accordingly role. And in the snow and ice road, desert or gravel road, drive needs to press a button to make the vehicle into the DTC model, and strengthen the vehicles in the above the road surface for traction. At the same time, because of the dynamic stability of the control system of DSC intervention response, a period of vehicle limit traction and larger with driving force, drivers can enjoy the unusual sports driving experience. DSC dynamic stability control system of another function is the CBC corner braking control system, can be in turn minor braking through the asymmetric system dynamic control eliminate vehicles oversteer trend.

 what is HAC?

 


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